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Gaza War Climate Impact In the shadow of the leaders gathering in Dubai for COP28, a pivotal annual UN summit addressing climate change impact, a devastating narrative unfolds over 2,400 km to the west – the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza. Beyond the heart-wrenching human toll, experts are growing increasingly alarmed about the environmental repercussions of this conflict and its potential to undermine Gaza's ability to combat climate change. This article delves deeper into seven compelling pieces of evidence, shedding light on how the ongoing bombing campaign not only constitutes a war crime but also poses a severe threat to the climate resilience of the region. 1. The Choking Grip of Toxic Air Pollution The unrelenting conflict has unleashed a torrent of destruction, saturating Gaza's air with toxic smoke from burning buildings and human remains. Nada Majdalani, the director of EcoPeace Middle East, describes the situation as nothing short of catastrophic, asserting that "every aspect of Gaza's environment has been obliterated." This pervasive air pollution not only poses an immediate threat to the health of Gaza's residents but also significantly exacerbates the region's challenges in combating climate change. 2. Solar Power Devastation: A Setback for Climate Adaptation After enduring a 16-year blockade, Gaza turned to solar energy to meet its electricity needs, with around 60% of its energy sourced from solar power. However, the bombings deliberately targeted and destroyed thousands of buildings, many of which were equipped with solar panels. This destructive act not only jeopardizes the well-being of the population but also undermines Gaza's commendable efforts in climate adaptation and the pursuit of clean energy. 3. Waterborne Diseases Looming Large Decomposing bodies and contaminated water supplies stand as ticking time bombs, poised to spark the spread of diseases. The destruction of 44% of gas, water, and sanitation facilities in Gaza during the war further heightens the risk of waterborne diseases. As winter rains approach, the potential for sewage water mixing with rainwater poses an additional threat to public health, with cholera and other waterborne diseases looming large. 4. The Hazardous Waste Quandary Even before the current conflict, Gaza grappled with inadequate sanitation infrastructure, leading to the dumping of untreated sewage into the sea. The total shutdown of wastewater treatment plants due to the blockade exacerbated the crisis, releasing significant amounts of untreated sewage into the Mediterranean. With the destruction wrought by the ongoing war, the accumulation of debris and waste is blocking sewers, creating conditions conducive to standing water and increasing the risk of disease transmission. 5. The Fossil Fuel Conundrum: Massive Carbon Emissions The sheer scale of the conflict demands vast quantities of fossil fuel, contributing to excessive carbon emissions. Preliminary reports suggest that 25,000 tonnes of munitions were dropped on Gaza in the early weeks of the war, leading to carbon emissions equivalent to the annual energy use of thousands of homes or the emissions of thousands of passenger vehicles. The military's heavy reliance on fossil fuels further compounds global emissions, with estimates suggesting it contributes approximately 5.5%. 6. Acid Rain Threat: The Consequences of Weapon Use Accusations of using white phosphorus munitions raise concerns about atmospheric pollution. As Gaza enters the rainy season, fears arise that the rain could turn into acid rain, contaminated with white phosphorus. This poses a direct risk to those relying on rainwater collection for drinking, compounding the water scarcity issues already present in the region. 7. Rebuilding Amidst Emissions: The Ongoing Environmental Toll Reproducing destroyed areas generates significant emissions, particularly in producing concrete and cement. The destruction of residential and non-residential buildings during the war could result in 5.8 million tonnes of carbon emissions. This not only adds to the immediate environmental impact of the conflict but also contributes to the broader climate crisis, underscoring the interconnectedness of armed conflicts and global environmental challenges. Conclusion The Israel-Hamas war in Gaza is not just a humanitarian crisis but an unfolding environmental catastrophe. The evidence presented not only underscores the immediate and long-term consequences of the conflict on Gaza's environment but also highlights the urgent need for the international community to address both the humanitarian and environmental aspects in the aftermath of this devastating conflict. Balancing the scales between immediate relief efforts and sustainable rebuilding is paramount to ensuring a resilient and sustainable future for Gaza and the broader region.

In a groundbreaking move towards sustainable and transparent practices, the European Commission has introduced a new directive, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/2683, to govern the disclosure of recycled content information in single-use plastic beverage bottles (eur-lex.europa.eu). The decision, effective as of 1st December 2023, is a pivotal step in aligning with the objectives set out in Directive (EU) 2019/904, which aims to reduce the environmental impact of certain plastic products. Understanding the Background Directive (EU) 2019/904 mandated specific targets for the minimum recycled plastic content in single-use plastic beverage bottles, including PET bottles. Notably, the target for 2025 is a minimum of 25% recycled plastic for PET bottles, increasing to at least 30% for all beverage bottles by 2030. The newly introduced directive addresses the need for a standardised methodology in calculating and verifying these recycled plastic content targets. Inclusion of Labels and Sleeves An essential aspect of this directive is the clarification that labels and sleeves should be considered integral parts of beverage bottles. The reasoning is twofold: labels and sleeves, serving branding and informational purposes, are attached during the same production stage as caps and lids. Therefore, their weight must be included in the overall weight of beverage bottles. This inclusion aims to prevent misleading claims of 100% recycled bottles by accounting for all components, ensuring a more accurate representation. Defining 'Recycled Plastic' The directive clearly defines ‘recycled plastic’ to avoid ambiguity. It specifically includes material that has undergone post-consumer plastic waste recycling. This decision aims to differentiate between post-consumer and pre-consumer plastic waste, focusing on the former to align with the environmental objectives of Directive (EU) 2019/904. Harmonizing Calculation Methods The directive emphasises the importance of a consistent approach across Member States in calculating recycled plastic content. It encourages reliance on Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1616, establishing a reporting chain for manufacturing steps and ensuring uniformity in data collection. This method streamlines calculations and minimises administrative burdens on economic operators and Member States. Future Considerations Acknowledging advancements in recycling technologies, the European Commission proposes an amendment to include methodologies for calculating recycled plastic content obtained through various recycling methods. This forward-looking approach aims to adapt to emerging technologies and maintain the directive's relevance. Ensuring Food Safety Compliance As all parts of beverage bottles are materials intended for food contact, Regulation (EU) 2017/625 applies. This regulation ensures official control of the percentage of recycled plastic, enhancing the safety and quality of recycled content in beverage bottles. Reporting and Transparency Member States are now obliged to collect and report data on the weight of plastic parts and recycled plastic in beverage bottles annually. The format for reporting considers measurement methods and reporting formats for packaging waste, ensuring consistency with existing regulations. Looking Ahead With the directive set to be effective from 1st December 2023, stakeholders in the plastic beverage bottle industry are urged to familiarise themselves with the new rules and adjust their practices accordingly. The European Commission's commitment to sustainability and environmental goals is evident in this directive, marking a significant stride towards a more circular and responsible use of plastics. In conclusion, the European Commission's recent directive marks a crucial advancement in pursuing sustainable practices in the plastic beverage bottle industry. We invite you to explore the full text for a more in-depth understanding of the decision and its implications, click here. As businesses navigate these changes and seek comprehensive solutions for Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), our team at PPS is here to assist you. Our tailored services ensure accurate data collection, verification, and reporting, aligning your operations with evolving regulatory standards. To learn more about how PPS can support your business in achieving sustainability goals, click here to reach us. Let's journey together towards a greener, more responsible future.

ESG Accreditation In the ever-evolving landscape of corporate responsibility, sustainability has become a paramount focus for organizations worldwide. Businesses increasingly turn to accreditation backed by financial institutions to navigate the complex realm of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards. This article delves into the significance of ESG accreditation, its impact on different professions, and critical frameworks shaping the path towards sustainable growth. The Shifting Landscape of Sustainability As organizations strive to embody sustainability, the responsibility extends to businesses and their employees. A novel approach emerging in this space is ESG accreditation, providing individuals with a certification that validates their knowledge and application of ESG compliance. This shift allows professionals to express their expertise in sustainability, aligning personal growth with corporate responsibility. Universal Considerations for ESG Accreditation For businesses, irrespective of their industry, ESG accreditation involves careful considerations. Financial materiality and understanding social factors, environmental impacts, and industry-specific challenges form the cornerstone of this pursuit. This report explores the nuances of ESG accreditation, acknowledging its universal applications and relevance for specific professional positions. Terminology Clarification Before delving deeper, it's crucial to clarify key terminology. ESG, encompassing environmental, social, and governance factors, is a framework to attract sustainability focus among corporations. Sustainability, a broader concept, includes economic stability, community engagement, and other ethical business practices. ESG Accreditation is Beyond the Tick-Box Exercise ESG accreditation is not a mere tick-box exercise but an opportunity for professionals and businesses to showcase proficiency in sustainability pillars that significantly impact global market trends. Accreditation is a tangible way to build trust, align with partners, and demonstrate a commitment to sustainable practices, which is crucial as investors increasingly scrutinize ESG metrics. Key Frameworks for ESG Accreditation Navigating the myriad of ESG certifications can be daunting for businesses entering this realm. Various frameworks exist to help professionals report their ESG credentials effectively. This strategic approach to ethical investment aligns with the requirements of financial institutions, such as BlackRock and Vanguard, endorsing frameworks like SASB and TCFD as benchmarks for sustainable investment opportunities. Financial Institutions as Sustainability Influencers Organizations like BlackRock and Vanguard are pivotal in shaping the sustainability agenda. These financial giants have publicly expressed their commitment to direct investments toward ESG-compliant businesses, emphasizing the importance of frameworks like TCFD for consistent ESG reporting. Financial institutions with the power to regulate funding based on specific criteria highlight ESG accreditation's pivotal role in securing funding and shaping companies' growth strategies. Ensure your ESG Accreditation with PPS! In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable business, ESG accreditation has become vital for fostering trust, attracting investments, and ensuring sustainable growth. At PPS Indonesia, we simplify the journey by offering comprehensive support in Sustainability Reporting (SR). With us as your dedicated partner, navigating the complexities of SR becomes worry-free. You can count on our expertise to align your business with influential frameworks and meet the criteria set by financial institutions. Explore the world of SR knowledge with us (click here: Sustainability Reporting | Peterson Indonesia), and let's discuss how PPS Indonesia can tailor the services to meet your specific needs. Your commitment to sustainability deserves a partner that makes the path to responsible and ethical business conduct accessible and successful. Contact us now!!

Marapi Eruption Mount Marapi, situated administratively within the regions of Kabupaten Agam and Kabupaten Tanah Datar in the province of Sumatera Barat, has been under close surveillance. The recent volcanic activity, notably an explosive eruption, has prompted authorities to issue warnings and implement safety measures. This article provides an overview of the recent events, their impact, and the recommended precautions for the local community and visitors. Recent Volcanic Activity From January 7, 2023, until February 20, 2023, Mount Marapi experienced a series of explosive eruptions, with column heights ranging from 75 to 1000 meters above the summit. Subsequently, the eruption ceased, leading to local and distant tectonic earthquakes dominating seismic activities. The current activity level is categorized as Level II (WASPADA), indicating caution since August 3, 2011. Latest Developments As of December 3, 2023, at 18:00 WIB, the most recent explosive eruption occurred at 14:54 WIB, reaching a column height of approximately 3000 meters above the summit. The ash column, observed to be grey, had a thick intensity leaning towards the east. Seismic recordings captured an amplitude of 30 mm for 4 minutes and 41 seconds. The eruption was accompanied by pyroclastic flows towards the north, covering a distance of 3 km. Despite the absence of significant volcanic seismic activity before the eruption, tiltmeter data indicated rapid eruption processes with shallow pressure centres. Based on Basarnas data on December 3, 2023, at least 75 climbers were trapped when Mount Marapi erupted. A total of 11 were found dead, and 12 others have not been found. Safety Recommendations In light of the ongoing volcanic activity and potential hazards, authorities recommend the following precautions: Restricted Access: Residents and visitors are prohibited from engaging in activities or approaching Mount Marapi within a 3 km radius of the crater/summit. Maintain Calmness: Residents near Mount Marapi are urged to remain calm and avoid succumbing to rumours regarding potential eruptions. It is crucial to follow the guidance provided by local authorities. Protective Measures during Ashfall: In the event of ashfall, residents are advised to wear masks when leaving their homes to minimize the health impacts of volcanic ash. Additionally, securing clean water sources and clearing roofs of thick volcanic ash is recommended to prevent structural damage. Coordination and Actual Information Sharing for Community: The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation will continue to coordinate with relevant authorities such as BNPB, BPBD of Sumatera Barat Province, and local BPBDs in Kabupaten Agam and Kabupaten Tanah Datar to provide up-to-date information on Mount Marapi's activity. Local governments of Kabupaten Agam and Kabupaten Tanah Datar are advised to coordinate with the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation and the Mount Marapi Observation Post on Jl. Prof. Hazairin No. 168 Bukit Tinggi for the latest updates on Mount Marapi's activity. Monitoring and Information Access For real-time monitoring and recommendations, the public and relevant authorities are encouraged to utilize the MAGMA INDONESIA application or website (Playstore/magma.esdm.go.id). As Mount Marapi continues to exhibit heightened volcanic activity, the safety and well-being of the community remain a top priority. By adhering to recommended precautions and staying informed through official channels, residents and visitors can contribute to their safety and the affected regions' overall resilience.

Misleading Claims?? A surprisingly recent study by ClientEarth, ECOS, Eunomia Research & Consulting, and Zero Waste Europe has come under intense scrutiny in the world of plastic PET beverage bottles, claiming to be "100% recyclable" or "100% recycled". The research reveals that these assertions often fall short of reality, challenging the accuracy of scientific methods like Life Cycle Assessments. Critical components like caps, labels, adhesives, and inks in beverage bottles remain largely unrecycled. Nusa Urbancic, CEO of Changing Markets Foundation, warns of the looming threat of greenwashing litigation amidst tightening global legislation. As the spectre of legal action grows, industry-wide support for systems like Deposit Return Systems (DRS) is recommended to substantiate claims. Innova Market Insights identifies "Green but Clean" as a top trend for 2023, reflecting a global crackdown on controversial environmental claims. UNESDA Soft Drinks Europe acknowledges the effective implementation of DRS in Europe but highlights challenges, including being priced out of the recycled PET (rPET) market. After all of those research results, is PET clearly concluded as "unrecyclable"? Sustainable PET! In the realm of sustainability, r-PET, commonly found in the market, is usually pre-consumption plastic. In simpler terms, this entails the recycling of clean, unused plastic scraps generated by industries. Subsequently, these recycled materials are sold again in the form of r-PET. The claim of recycled PET (r-PET) in plastic bottles doesn't automatically translate to a genuinely eco-friendly or closed-loop recycling system. The intricacies lie in the fact that many regulations restrict the use of post-consumption plastic in contact with food or beverages due to health considerations. This is a critical aspect that companies must transparently address. Consumers might be led to believe that bottles with such claims are part of a circular model. However, the reality is often less optimistic, with post-consumer PET bottles, in the best-case scenario, being downgraded to lower-quality plastics rather than seamlessly integrated into a circular economy. It's a reminder of the importance of scrutinizing sustainability claims beyond face value. When comparing prices of r-PET and PET, the production of PET is generally more cost-effective, given the well-established refining process. Nevertheless, the economic viability of choosing r-PET over PET depends on the legislative landscape. For instance, Spain imposes a tax of 0.45 euros/kg on the use of virgin plastic in packaging. This legislative framework makes opting for r-PET more economically competitive. This law has been entered into force on 1st Jan 2023, indicating a potential trend for other countries to adopt similar measures in the future. Companies and Their LCA Companies making claims should publicly share their studies and consider second-party verification or expert reviews for credibility. Independent verification of Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) is advised, and claims should be supported by references for public scrutiny. Choosing a robust LCA standard is optional, as no regulation mandates independent verification. Businesses enjoy the flexibility to select methodologies and standards that align with their preferences. While standardisation remains a challenge, the ongoing evolution of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, spanning two decades, reflects the continuous improvement efforts led by research groups. A recommended approach is to opt for a standard featuring product category rules developed by the industry and validated by a standard entity. This not only fosters fairness but also mitigates the risk of unfair competition within the sector. Legal consequences may arise for claims based on inadequately conducted studies. The European Commission's Green Claims Directive mandates supporting documentation for green claims, addressing transparency issues. They are developing the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) methodology, requiring default verification for all LCAs. Similar global initiatives are expected in the near future. Ensure Your Claim Strengths with Peterson! Are you searching for a reliable solution to elevate your company's sustainability claims while ensuring transparency and safety? Look no further than Peterson Projects and Solutions! Our dedicated team specialises in providing top-notch Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) services tailored to meet the unique needs of your business. We understand the importance of making sustainable choices in today's dynamic market, and our transparent and safe approach ensures that your sustainability claims stand out. By choosing Peterson Projects and Solutions, you're not just investing in LCA services; you're investing in the future of your company and the planet. Take the first step towards a greener and more sustainable future by learning more about our service. Click here! Certification of recycled products has also been developed to ensure the distributor and consumer (both middle and end-user) with the plastic they are using. This means the amount of recycled plastic used, the origin of the plastic, content of the plastic in the product can be traced. At Peterson Projects & Solutions, we can assist your business with Textile and Recycled Product Certification preparation. Our textile and recycled product expertise is available for downstream and upstream levels. In addition, Our textile consultancy is not limited to synthetic fibre but also non-synthetic and cotton, wool and down products. Our consultancy will comply with Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), Global Recycled Standard (GRS), The Organic Content Standard (OCS Standard), The Recycled Claim Standard (RCS), The Content Claim Standard (CCS), Responsible Wool Standards (RWS), Responsible Down Standards (RDS), Higg Index, Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Waste and Resource Action Programme (WRAP), and many other textile standards of your needs. Click here to read more about our service of certification assistance in recycled products! Let's make a positive impact together! ​

The Indonesia Palm Oil Forum (Forum Sawit Indonesia/FoSI) 2023, organized by the Palm Science Center (PSC) at Instiper Yogyakarta, has once again taken centre stage in the palm oil industry. Under the theme "Building Competitiveness in Palm Plantations through Synergistic Business Ecosystems," this forum has become a platform for stakeholders to discuss the challenges and opportunities in the palm oil sector. Background of the Forum: Dr. Purwadi, Director of PSC Instiper Yogyakarta, explained that FoSI 2023 is a continuation of FoSI 2022. As an annual forum, FoSI aims to delve into Indonesian palm oil policies. The previous year emphasized the integration from upstream to downstream and the need for synergistic policies to reach 2045. FoSI 2023 takes a deeper dive, focusing on building competitiveness in palm oil plantations through a synergistic business ecosystem. Summary of IPOF 2023 Activities: FoSI 2023 encompasses a series of events over two days, starting from the Forum of Palm Plantation Directors (FPPD-2023) on November 22, 2023, to the Forum for Policy Studies on the Business Ecosystem of Palm Plantations (FPSBEP-2023) on November 23-24, 2023. The main agenda of FoSI 2023 is divided into several discussion sessions and collaborative thinking involving various stakeholders. Challenges and Main Focus: Dr. Purwadi highlighted some challenges in the palm oil industry, including land legality and certainty, economic and social partnerships, as well as trade issues and EU regulations related to deforestation. FoSI 2023 is committed to further examining these issues and encouraging stakeholders to collaboratively formulate policies that support a competitive palm oil industry. Support and Positive Responses: IPOF 2023 received positive feedback from Dr. Harsawardana, the Rector of Instiper, who appreciated the forum for generating crucial ideas to formulate supportive policies for Indonesian palm oil. This support reflects the significance of FoSI as a platform to address crucial issues in the palm oil industry. Agenda and Thematic Discussions: FoSI 2023's agenda includes discussions on the policy study forum on the business ecosystem of palm plantations, with sessions involving speakers from various levels, including the Director-General of Agro Industry, Ministry of Industry, and the Director of the Palm Oil Research Center. Discussion sessions cover policy implementation, trade issues, and challenges at the level of smallholder and large-scale plantations. Partnerships and Business Ecosystem Synergy: The challenges of production and productivity at the plantation level are the primary focus of FoSI 2023, with an emphasis on collaboration between production facility industries, plantations (large and small), palm oil mills, local communities, and the government. Collaboration in partnership formats and other forms of cooperation is key to building a synergistic system and improving competitiveness. Workshop on Business Ecosystem Policy Studies: FoSI 2023 goes beyond being a mere discussion forum. The workshop on business ecosystem policy studies for palm oil plantations on Thursday, November 23, 2023, is an opportunity to discuss the implementation of current policies and formulate new policy proposals. Various speakers from the government and industry contribute to accelerating and improving policy outcomes. Hopes and Mission of FoSI 2023: Through FoSI 2023, it is hoped that the Indonesian palm oil industry can continue to move towards sustainability and high competitiveness in the increasingly complex global market. This forum is a crucial moment to present innovative solutions and build strong collaborations among all stakeholders in the palm oil industry. Thus, Sawit Indonesia 2045 becomes not just a vision but a sustainable reality. Conclusion: The Indonesia Palm Oil Forum 2023 is not an ordinary annual event. It reflects the commitment of the Indonesian palm oil industry to continue evolving, innovating, and collaborating. FoSI 2023 serves as a platform for stakeholders to collectively find solutions to the challenges faced by the palm oil industry while ensuring sustainability and competitiveness in an ever-evolving global market.

RSPO RT2023 The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) has entered a new phase in the journey towards sustainable palm oil at the Annual Roundtable Conference (RT2023). The theme "Partners for the Next 20 Years" serves as a platform for RSPO to celebrate achievements, plan sustainable steps, and strengthen industry collaboration. This article will explore the key highlights of RT2023 and how RSPO continues to play a pivotal role in making palm oil sustainable. Expansion of RSPO Certified Areas in Indonesia One of the recent updates delivered by RSPO CEO, Joseph D'Cruz, is the growth of RSPO-certified areas in Indonesia, which increased by six per cent between January and September 2023. This data reflects Indonesia's commitment to adopting sustainable palm oil. The 19 per cent growth in RSPO members in Indonesia also indicates broad support from various sectors, including environmental NGOs, consumer goods producers, and small-scale farmers. Production of Sustainable Palm Oil RSPO CEO, Joseph D'Cruz, also shared significant achievements in the production of sustainable palm oil. Certified Sustainable Palm Oil (CSPO) production reached 15.4 million tons in 2022, showing a 2.9 per cent growth from the previous year. This not only has economic impacts but also reaffirms the central role of the palm oil sector in the Indonesian economy. Traceability System and Industry Digitalization In response to the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR), RSPO launched the Certification, Trade, and Traceability System (CTTS) in October 2023. Developed through a tripartite consortium involving global agricultural technology experts, this system exemplifies how RSPO is advancing and digitizing traceability systems. This effort is a proactive step in addressing increasingly stringent global regulations, starting with the EUTR. RSPO's Role in Smallholder Inclusion The RSPO Smallholder Support Fund (RSSF) continues to support small-scale farmers. Since 2013, RSSF has provided funding of $4.2 million to support over 44,000 farmers in 12 countries. RT2023 places a specific focus on small-scale farmers, exploring opportunities and pathways to facilitate greater inclusion in environmentally friendly supply chains. RSPO Standards Revision The technical revision process of the RSPO 2018 Principles and Criteria and the RSPO 2019 Independent Smallholder Standards is underway. This review is a crucial step in producing a set of updated standards in 2024. RSPO's sustainability and resilience standards will be further enhanced to meet changing regulatory and market expectations. RSPO Excellence Awards The conference also featured the RSPO Excellence Awards, honouring 15 RSPO members for their outstanding contributions to sustainable palm oil. This includes innovation, conservation leadership, impact on small-scale farmers, communication for good, and collective responsibility. Conclusion: Looking to the Future RT2023 is not only a stage for celebrating RSPO's achievements over the past two decades but also for looking towards a sustainable future. RSPO remains committed to actively shaping the palm oil industry towards sustainability, driving innovation, and strengthening partnerships. With the spirit of "Partners for the Next 20 Years," RSPO and industry stakeholders hope to create a future where sustainable palm oil becomes the standard, providing sustainable economic and environmental benefits.

Pertamina and Chevron Energy International Pte Ltd Collaborate on Carbon Capture Projects in East Kalimantan On November 13, 2023, PT Pertamina (Persero) and Chevron Energy International Pte Ltd formalized a collaboration to reduce carbon emissions in Indonesia. This partnership focuses on developing carbon capture and storage technology, known as Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) or Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). This initiative is crucial to Pertamina's commitment to minimizing environmental impact and supporting the transition to clean energy. Joint Study Agreement (JSA) and Confidentiality Agreement CCS/CCUS The collaboration is realized through a Joint Study Agreement (JSA), where Pertamina and Chevron will assess the feasibility of CCS/CCUS in East Kalimantan (Kaltim), Indonesia. To support this effort, three upstream subsidiaries of Pertamina—PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam, PT Pertamina Hulu Sanga-Sanga, and PT Pertamina Hulu Kalimantan Timur—have signed three confidentiality agreements related to CCS/CCUS. These agreements facilitate the exchange of information concerning geological and geophysical data, maps, models and interpretations, records, summaries, and commercial information related to potential development areas. Advancing the CCS Hub Project in East Kalimantan Pertamina and Chevron have been exploring and collaborating since 2022, and this signing marks a concrete step towards accelerating the development of the CCS Hub project in East Kalimantan. This project aims to integrate emission-producing areas in the Balikpapan and Bontang Industrial Clusters, creating a holistic solution to address carbon emissions challenges in Indonesia. Pertamina's Commitment to Low-Carbon Business and Decarbonisation Nicke Widyawati, President Director of Pertamina, expresses the company's commitment to developing a low-carbon business through CCS/CCUS projects. This move is key in accelerating decarbonization and adapting to global energy transition trends. Widyawati also highlights Indonesia's significant carbon storage potential, positioning the country as a key CCS centre in Southeast Asia. The Importance of CCS/CCUS Technology in Achieving Net Zero Emission 2060 Pertamina acknowledges the dominance of fossil energy use in Indonesia, leading to significant carbon emissions. Therefore, CCS/CCUS technology is deemed crucial in addressing this challenge. Widyawati emphasizes the seriousness required in carbon utilization efforts, especially considering Indonesia's continued high demand for fossil energy. Pertamina's Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Net Zero Emission 2060 As a leading company in the energy transition, Pertamina is committed to supporting the Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060 target. Collaboration with Chevron on the CCS Hub project in East Kalimantan is tangible evidence of this commitment. Pertamina's efforts align with implementing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices across its business lines and operations, positively impacting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Conclusion The collaboration between Pertamina and Chevron in developing CCS/CCUS technology marks a significant step toward energy transformation in Indonesia. Focusing on decarbonization and carbon utilization, this project is a strategic initiative to reduce emissions and supports the global vision of clean and sustainable energy. Pertamina and Chevron contribute to positive change through this joint effort, aligning with sustainable development goals and attaining Net Zero Emissions in 2060.

Amidst Argentina's economic upheaval, where inflation has surged to unprecedented heights, citizens are turning to conventional measures to make ends meet. With inflation exceeding 140% (https://tradingeconomics.com/argentina/inflation-cpi), many seek solace in second-hand clothing markets, where they can find affordable apparel and opportunities to sell their old garments for extra income. Once a South American powerhouse, Argentina grapples with its most severe crisis in decades. A staggering two-fifths of the population now lives in poverty, and an impending recession casts a shadow over the upcoming presidential election. The surge in voter frustration is fueling support for Javier Milei, a radical outsider and the current frontrunner in polls for the presidential election. His rival, Economy Minister Sergio Massa, representing the ruling Peronist coalition, struggles to gain traction due to his inability to curb the rising prices that have left citizens financially strained. Aylen Chiclana, a 22-year-old student in Buenos Aires, paints a vivid picture of the impact of soaring prices: "Today, prices are unthinkable. You can't just go to the mall and buy something you like as you did before." Even essential items like new jeans now cost more than double the price from just a year ago, representing over one-third of Argentina's monthly minimum wage. Official data reveals the gravity of the situation, with annualized inflation reaching a staggering 142.7% in October. Although the monthly rise has slightly decreased from peaks in previous months, the figures remain alarming and fall below analyst forecasts. For many Argentines, the struggle is real. Beatriz Lauricio, a 62-year-old semi-retired teacher, and her husband, a bus company employee, attend weekend clothing fairs to sell old garments and make ends meet. This is not a choice for luxury but a daily necessity to navigate the challenging economic climate. María Silvina Perasso, the organizer of a clothing fair in Tigre, on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, notes that people flock to these markets because prices have outpaced salaries. The local monthly minimum wage, officially at 132,000 pesos, is only half that at actual street rates due to capital controls. "With the economy the way it is, they buy clothes at 5% or 10% of the value that comes from a store, and they can buy things for their families," says Perasso. The situation extends beyond clothing markets. In a landfill in Lujan, on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, individuals like Sergio Omar, 41, spend their days scavenging for recyclables to sell. Rising food prices have made it increasingly difficult for him to provide for his family of five. As Argentina faces one of its most challenging periods, citizens resort to conventional means to navigate the economic crisis. From second-hand clothing markets to landfill scavenging, these stories underscore the harsh realities of a nation grappling with unprecedented inflation and economic uncertainty. Addressing inflation in a country involves various economic policies and strategic measures. Here are some commonly used ways by governments to control inflation: Monetary Policy: Fiscal Policy: Market Regulation: Money Supply Control: Wage and Price Policies: Trade Policies: Education and Communication: Political Stability It's important to note that each country has unique economic conditions, and effective strategies can vary. Therefore, a combination of several policies is often required to achieve optimal inflation control.

In a groundbreaking and revolutionary development, China, internationally recognized as the world's most environmentally taxing nation, is poised to undergo a substantial and transformative structural decline in carbon emissions starting next year. This monumental shift comes on the heels of an unprecedented surge in investments in environmentally friendly energy, a surge meticulously uncovered and dissected by the researchers at Carbon Brief. China's Peak of Carbon Emissions in 2023: A Turning Point China's carbon emissions, often the subject of global concern, are anticipated to crest this year, marking a pivotal moment before embarking on a structural decline projected to commence in 2024. This significant transition follows a record surge in investments to foster environmentally sustainable energy sources. This shift, analyzed and foreseen by experts, signifies a historic turning point in China's commitment to a greener future. Post-COVID Resurgence and Green Investments The resurgence of carbon emissions in the world's most polluted nation during the current year is notably attributed to China's strategic decision to lift COVID-19 restrictions in January. However, this apparent resurgence in fossil fuel demand paradoxically coincided with a historic and monumental expansion of low-carbon energy sources within the country. This expansion notably surpassed governmental policy targets and industry expectations, showcasing a commendable dedication to environmental sustainability. Solar and Wind Energy Surpass Targets BBeijing's ambitious targets for solar and wind energy installations for the current year were met and exceeded by September, demonstrating a remarkable overachievement. This feat was echoed in the electric vehicle market, outperforming the government's set target of 20% market share by 2025. Lauri Myllyvirta, a prominent analyst from the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, confidently predicts that these remarkable achievements will undoubtedly catalyze a discernible decline in fossil fuel power generation and consequential CO2 emissions by 2024. Remarkable Growth in Solar Energy The most noteworthy surge in the country's energy landscape was observed in solar energy, with an astonishing 210 gigawatts (GW) increase in installations this year alone. This statistic doubles the total solar capacity in the United States and quadruples China's additions in the year 2020, solidifying its position as a global leader in sustainable energy adoption. This unprecedented growth underscores China's commitment to being at the forefront of the renewable energy revolution. Wind Power Dominance China's commitment to a sustainable future is further underscored by the addition of 70 GW of wind power generation this year, surpassing the entire power generation capacity of the United Kingdom. Additionally, the government is poised to augment hydropower capacity by an impressive 7 GW and nuclear power capacity by 3 GW within the same timeframe. This diversification of clean energy sources showcases a comprehensive strategy to mitigate reliance on traditional, polluting forms of energy. Environmental Energy Expansion Outpaces Demand Myllyvirta astutely suggests that the palpable surge in green energy generation has the potential to act as a catalyst for a discernible decline in China's carbon emissions, starting as early as next year. This noteworthy occurrence marks the first instance where the expansion of low-carbon energy not only adequately meets but surpasses the average annual increase in China's overall electricity demand. This overachievement is a testament to the persistent efforts made by the Chinese government to align its energy production with global environmental aspirations. Coal Capacity Contradictions Paradoxically, despite having 136 GW of coal power capacity under construction and an additional 99 GW with planning permits as of June, 25 GW has received permits since then. This stark contradiction raises eyebrows as it contradicts President Xi Jinping's unwavering commitment to "strictly control new coal power projects." This dissonance in policy implementation underscores the complexities faced by China in balancing economic development with environmental conservation. Peak Coal Power and Deceleration China's forward-looking estimation stipulates that coal power capacity will reach its zenith at 1,370 GW by 2030. This projection necessitates either an immediate cessation of new coal power permits or an accelerated closure plan for existing and planned coal power plants, firmly aligning with the nation's ambitious environmental goals. This ambitious target, however, requires stringent measures to be implemented promptly to curtail any potential environmental setbacks. Global Energy Transition These profound findings not only substantiate but bolster the predictions of energy experts who contend that global power plant emissions are poised to reach their zenith this year, with an overall crescendo in energy emissions anticipated for the upcoming year. Recent reports from climate think tank Ember and the International Energy Agency strongly reinforce that the rapid growth in renewable energy is approaching levels imperative for doubling capacity by the end of the decade, aligning with ambitious global climate targets. This global transition towards sustainable energy sources signals a collective commitment to mitigating the impacts of climate change. In a resounding conclusion, China's green revolution appears to be on the precipice, with a paradigm shift in energy production paving the way for a substantial reduction in carbon emissions. This momentous undertaking undeniably aligns with and amplifies global efforts to combat climate change and foster a greener future for future generations. The world watches as China, a pivotal player in the global climate, strides towards a more sustainable and eco-friendly tomorrow.

Abu Dhabi Meeting for Climate Disaster Funding In a race against time, governments worldwide have gathered in Abu Dhabi for a final two-day meeting, striving to overcome deep-seated divisions regarding the distribution of funds for "loss and damage" caused by climate disasters. These discussions, which commenced in March, hit a roadblock two weeks ago amidst increasing discord. The urgency arises from the looming UN COP28 climate summit scheduled to begin at the end of this month in the United Arab Emirates. A Pivotal Moment Harjeet Singh, the head of global political strategy at Climate Action Network International, emphasized the pivotal nature of this meeting, stating that the success or failure of the new loss and damage fund hinges on the decisions made. Bridging the trust gap, operationalizing the fund, and providing essential support to those most in need is imperative, as millions of lives and livelihoods are at stake. Divisions: Cash Contributions and Governance A stark divide exists between developed and developing nations regarding cash contributions. Developed countries advocate for voluntary contributions from emerging economies like China, Gulf petrostates, and traditional donors such as the US and Europe. In contrast, poorer nations express concerns over governance and access to the much-needed rescue funds. Historic Commitment At Cop27 in Egypt, all nations unanimously agreed to establish a loss and damage fund, marking a historic milestone that developing countries had pursued for over a decade. Despite their minimal contributions to the climate crisis, these nations bear the brunt of extreme weather due to geographic vulnerability, limited infrastructure, and resource constraints. Critical Areas of Contention The primary points of contention revolve around governance, funding sources, and accessibility to the fund. Developed nations, including the US, advocate for the World Bank to host the fund, citing its established infrastructure for expedited fund allocation. However, sceptics argue that this preference gives rich nations undue influence and highlights the high overheads associated with the World Bank. Access to the Fund Negotiations are trending towards favouring the most vulnerable in developing countries for fund access. Some propose opening the fund to all countries classified as developing in 1992 when the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was signed. However, the focus will likely lean towards the least-developed nations. Source of Funding: A Heated Debate Campaigners stress the responsibility of rich countries to bear the brunt of funding due to their "historic responsibility" for emissions. This puts the onus on the US, a challenge given potential opposition from a Republican-controlled Congress. Additionally, suggestions for diverse funding sources, including carbon offsets, private sector contributions, and innovative levies, are under consideration to meet the immense financial needs. The Crucial Tension: Emerging Economies and Petrostates A core challenge lies in defining the role of large emerging economies like China, India, South Korea and petrostates such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Russia, and the host country UAE. While classified as developing in 1992, these nations contribute significantly to emissions and possess larger economies than the vulnerable countries benefiting from the loss and damage fund. Conclusion As governments grapple with these complex issues, finding common ground is paramount. The success of the loss and damage fund is a matter of financial allocation and a testament to global cooperation in the face of a shared environmental crisis. The decisions made in Abu Dhabi this weekend will set the stage for meaningful progress at the upcoming UN COP28 climate summit.

IEA Report: Fossil Fuel Demand on Peak Global demand for fossil fuels, including oil, natural gas, and coal, is projected to peak by 2030, according to the latest reports from the International Energy Agency (IEA). This prediction is rooted in a combination of factors, including the proliferation of electric vehicles and a slower growth trajectory in China's economy, which is concurrently transitioning towards cleaner energy sources. The IEA's annual World Energy Outlook asserts that this anticipated peak represents a significant milestone, as it marks the first time such a convergence in demand trends has been observed. The Transition to Clean Energy: Unstoppable and Crucial IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol emphasises that the transition to clean energy is a global phenomenon that is not a matter of 'if' but rather 'how soon.' The report underscores the imperative for governments, companies, and investors to support and accelerate clean energy transitions rather than impede them. A chart in the IEA's report vividly illustrates the expected peaks in demand for coal, oil, and natural gas by 2030. While coal usage is projected to decline sharply after this point, oil and gas consumption will remain close to peak for the subsequent two decades. China's Transformative Role A pivotal player in this energy evolution is China. Over the past decade, China has been a driving force behind the surge in global oil consumption. However, the IEA now identifies a shift in China's role, citing a maturing economy and a burgeoning status as a "clean energy powerhouse." Notably, over half of all global electric vehicle sales in 2022 were recorded in China. This shift in China's energy dynamics is anticipated to impact global fossil fuel demand profoundly. Implications for Investment and Climate Goals The IEA report contends that while the rapid growth in fossil fuel consumption may be drawing to a close, this does not signal an end to fossil fuel investment. However, it does challenge the rationale for any substantial increase in spending on fossil fuels. Furthermore, the report warns that existing levels of fossil fuel demand are poised to surpass the targets set by the Paris Agreement, potentially exacerbating climate impacts and jeopardising energy system stability. Looking Ahead: Navigating the Transition By 2030, the IEA envisions nearly a tenfold increase in the global presence of electric cars, accompanied by policies supporting clean energy in pivotal markets. In the United States, for instance, the IEA's revised outlook anticipates that 50% of new car registrations will be electric by 2030. This projection, bolstered by legislative measures like the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act, represents a substantial surge from the 12% estimated two years ago. In conclusion, the IEA's reports offer a compelling outlook on the impending peak in global fossil fuel demand. They emphasise the need for a swift and coordinated transition towards clean energy sources, calling upon governments, companies, and investors to lead the way. While challenges remain in meeting climate goals, the momentum towards a more sustainable energy future is unmistakable.