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Indonesia Poverty Rate — The poor population is those whose consumption expenditure is below the purchasing power line. The purchasing power line is measured based on the price required to purchase the basic food needs equivalent to 2100 kilocalories per person per day, excluding non-food essentials. Therefore, the World Bank has specific standards to measure global poverty levels using a measurement tool called Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). PPP is a measure of the price of particular goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of countries' currencies. PPP is determined by comparing the prices of purchasing a bundle of goods and services in each country. This information is then used to convert each country's PPP into a standard monetary unit such as the US dollar. This conversion makes PPP comparisons more relevant. The PPP 2011 reveals $1.9 as the extreme poverty line. According to this measurement, extreme poverty in Indonesia decreased from 19% in 2002 to 1.5% in 2022. Similarly, the lower-middle-income poverty line of $3.2 reduced Indonesia's lower-middle-income poverty rate from 61% in 2022 to 16% in 2022. But in September 2022, the international poverty line was updated from $1.90 to $2.15 per person daily. This update is necessary to account for changes in prices worldwide. The increase in the poverty line reflects the higher costs of essential food, clothing, and shelter in low-income countries between 2011 and 2017 compared to the rest of the world. Essentially, the purchasing power of $2.15 in 2017 is equivalent to what $1.90 could buy in 2011. With this new determination, 33 million lower-middle-class individuals in Asia have fallen into poverty. Indonesia and China are experiencing the highest decline in the lower-middle class. However, according to the World Bank, the actual value of the international poverty line remains virtually unchanged. Based on the 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), 40% of Indonesians may be classified as poor. This change also resulted in 33 million Asians, previously categorized as lower-middle class, falling into poverty. Does the declaration of a 1.5% reduction in extreme poverty levels in Indonesia by 2022 (referring to PPP 2011) merely represent an illusory achievement? Sri Mulyani suggests that Indonesia should establish its national poverty line as the World Bank's (PPP) does not accurately reflect Indonesia's living conditions and low daily expenses. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) measures the national poverty line based on fulfilling basic needs, considering poverty as the economic inability to meet essential food and non-food requirements rather than solely relying on expenditure measurements. According to data from the Pathways Towards Economic Security: Indonesia Poverty Assessment, there has been a significant decline in the extreme and lower-middle poverty lines based on PPP (Purchasing Power Parity). However, when considering the NPL (National Poverty Line), the statistical trend appears relatively stable, with a minimal and insignificant decrease. Therefore, the PPP standard established by the World Bank seems less relevant to Indonesia's economic conditions. The poverty level in Indonesia will not appear to decrease if it continues to be compared to the latest PPP standard (2017). Hence, using the NPL advocated by BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) will feel more realistic for Indonesia as it is measured based on economically relevant conditions for the reality of Indonesian society.

Mexico Heatwave — Since March, Mexico has experienced the tragic loss of at least 112 lives due to "natural extreme temperatures," as the country's health secretariat reported. The state of Nuevo León has been hit the hardest, with 64 confirmed deaths. Other conditions, such as Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sonora, and Campeche, have also reported dozens of fatalities. During the same period, approximately 1,559 people sought medical attention for temperature-related issues, highlighting the severity of the situation. Over the past ten days, Mexico has witnessed unprecedented temperatures, with some areas reaching as high as 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit), breaking monthly and even records. Tamaulipas, in particular, suffered numerous deaths during the current heatwave, prompting Governor Américo Villarreal Anaya to establish a working group to formulate a response plan. The Secretary of Health for Tamaulipas also cautioned residents about the continuation of high temperatures across the state, advising them to avoid prolonged sun exposure and seek shelter in cool and well-ventilated spaces. The soaring temperatures in Mexico and the southern United States can be attributed to a "heat dome," formed when a high-pressure ridge traps warm air in an area, leading to uncomfortable and hazardous conditions. Unfortunately, such heat domes, responsible for record-breaking temperatures, are projected to occur more frequently and with greater intensity due to the ongoing climate crisis. Amid the devastating impact of extreme temperatures and heatwaves on Earth because of the climate crisis, collaborative efforts from organizations like Peterson Projects and Solutions Indonesia have become crucial in mitigating and addressing this pressing issue. The PPS Indonesia project, renowned for its expertise in aiding companies with sustainability assessment, offers valuable insights and resources to support companies in obtaining certifications that prevent negative carbon impacts. By doing so, these certifications can help avoid extreme weather events triggered by climate change. PPS stands ready to assist your company in achieving various carbon certifications, including PAS 2060, ISCC EU, ISCC PLUS, GGL, ISO 14064-1, ISO 14064-2, and more. Feel free to contact us for further discussions about our services.

Biodiesel in Indonesia comes from palm oil. Palm oil has become the pioneering vegetable fuel used in Indonesia compared to other vegetable fuels such as jatropha, waste oil, castor oil, or candlenut oil. Due to its renewable nature, vegetable-based fuels like palm oil must be preserved to ensure sustainability. The transformation from fossil fuel to biodiesel in Indonesia requires adaptation. This process is supported by a government program known as the mandatory biodiesel policy. It stipulates that the use of biofuel blends with diesel (solar) will be gradually increased. When the diesel blend contains 35% biofuels, it is called B35 (biodiesel with 35% vegetable fuel content). The B35 program has been mandatory in Indonesia since February 2023 and will be fully implemented in August 2023. The following program, B40, is currently undergoing testing and is expected to yield results in January 2023. According to infosawit.com, substituting fossil fuels with biodiesel is a strategic effort to promote renewable energy use in Indonesia. It aims to reduce foreign exchange expenditures resulting from decreased diesel oil imports, increase the value-added of crude palm oil (CPO), create job opportunities, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The B35 program is projected to provide employment for approximately 1,653,974 people and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 34.9 million tons of CO2e. These aspirations can be projected through biodiesel usage data in Indonesia for 2023. As of June 25, Indonesia has consumed 5.2 million kiloliters of biodiesel out of the allocated 13.15 million kiloliters for the year. To maintain these strategic achievements, palm oil production must be increased. The increase in palm oil production in Indonesia is necessary to prevent potential supply shortages caused by adverse weather conditions associated with early signs of the El Niño phenomenon. Failure to increase palm oil output will result in a global decline in its supply, leading to increased prices this year. Additional information: The price of palm oil in Indonesia ranged from $747.23/t from July 1-15, an increase from the previous price of $723.45/t. Malaysia also experienced an increase in the price of palm oil, reaching $804.45/t. To maintain price stability, Malaysia reduced palm oil exports by 4.5% from June 1-25, while Intertek Testing Services reported an 8.7% decrease compared to the corresponding period in May. https://www.infosawit.com/2023/04/20/persentase-campuran-biodiesel-35-b35-bakal-berlanjut-ke-b40/ https://palmoilina.asia/sawit-hub/sejarah-biodiesel-kelapa-sawit/ https://graintrade.com.ua/en/novosti/kotiruvannya-na-palmovu-oliyu-pidtrimuyut-plani-indonezii-zbilshiti-ii-vmist-u-biodizeli-d.html

The EPA issued a finalised regulation on 21st June 2023, outlining the specific volume requirements and percentage standards for various types of biofuels, such as cellulosic biofuel, Biomass-Based Diesel (BBD), advanced biofuel, and total renewable fuel, for the years 2023 to 2025. Moreover, this regulation renewable fuels addresses the court's request to amend the 2016 annual rule by establishing an additional volume requirement of 250 million gallons of renewable fuel for 2023. The ultimate objectives for fuel volumes are as follows: This definitive regulation sets out a consistent increase in the utilization of biofuels within the fuel inventory of the United States for the years 2023, 2024, and 2025. As outlined in the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, no specific volume requirements are specified beyond 2022. Therefore, in this rule, the EPA establishes the definitive targets for biofuel volumes in all categories based on its authority. When determining the biofuel volumes for the years following 2022, the EPA must consider various factors stipulated in the statute, including costs, air quality, climate change, program implementation progress, energy security, infrastructure considerations, commodity prices, water quality, and supply.

The European Parliament (EP) made a decision in January to prohibit the utilization of palm oil in the European Union (EU) for biofuel production by 2020. This action was undertaken with the explicit objective of preventing rainforest deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia. The spreading of negative issues surrounding palm oil is prevalent in the form of "no palm oil" or "palm oil free" labelling and campaigns against its use by public figures on social media, even extending to textual teaching materials in schools, explaining that palm oil is not environmentally friendly. The deforestation caused by palm oil is merely a minor impact compared to the numerous positive effects that come with preserving oil palm trees. In fact, palm oil is the most productive vegetable oil in the world. The Indonesian government has granted permission to use palm oil following the Food Law (UU Pangan) and the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) regulations. These regulations acknowledge the importance and benefits of palm oil while ensuring its safe consumption. Besides that reason, here are the reasons why palm oil should not be banned for use: Over 40 per cent of the global demand for vegetable oil is met by palm oil. Many companies choose palm oil as their raw material for production due to its affordability, widespread availability, ease of production, stable oil quality, multifunctionality, and sustainability. Palm oil is a crucial ingredient in the production of healthcare and cosmetic products because of its numerous benefits. It rejuvenates the skin, is rich in antioxidants, contains vitamin E, promotes healthy hair, is non-addictive, rich in provitamin A, acts as an anticaking agent, and makes products long-lasting on the skin. Palm oil also serves as a zero-waste commodity, where every part of the plant can be utilized to create various valuable and high-value products. It can be used for energy needs, such as biogas, biofuels (biodiesel, green diesel, green gasoline, and green aviation fuel), biomass derived from shells (heaters, boilers), and electricity. The palm oil plantation industry has proven to improve the economy of palm oil farmers and the surrounding communities who are directly and indirectly involved. Compared to uncertified sustainable oils like soybean, rapeseed, sunflower seed, coconut, olive, and others, palm oil is the only vegetable oil in the world that holds sustainable certification. In this regard, Peterson Projects and Solutions Indonesia fully supports the use of palm oil worldwide. We strive to assist industries in obtaining certification for their palm oil products, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and responsible sourcing. We can assist with many palm oil certifications, such as RSPO, ISPO, MSPO, ISCC, RSB, GGL and others. By promoting sustainable certification and ESG strategies, we aim to foster an industry that balances economic growth with environmental preservation and social welfare. Embracing the benefits of palm oil, combined with responsible practices and certification, allows us to unlock its full potential as a valuable and sustainable resource for the world. Through collaboration, innovation, and continuous improvement, we can ensure palm oil's responsible and ethical use, benefitting both the industry and our planet.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the amount of nonfinancial reporting conducted by companies. This growth can be attributed to the growing demand from stakeholders for companies to be more transparent about their environmental and social impacts. As a result, companies are facing pressure to report on a wide range of issues such as greenhouse gas emissions, climate risk, board diversity, and gender pay gap. To assist in this reporting process, companies are turning to sustainability reporting frameworks. These frameworks provide guidance for companies to effectively report on their nonfinancial aspects. It is worth noting that while nonfinancial reporting is mandatory in certain countries, particularly across the European Union, it remains primarily voluntary in many parts of the world, as there are no standardized regulations in place. However, the existence of multiple sustainability reporting frameworks can be overwhelming. For companies venturing into nonfinancial reporting, it can be challenging to differentiate between the various frameworks and comprehend the objectives of each one. According to The Conference Board, Inc. in 2018, These frameworks helps organizations report different aspects of their nonfinancial impact; GRI (globalreporting.org) GRI has purpose in helping organizations report on economic, environmental & social impacts considering a wide range of interests. GRI has broad set of stakeholders as its audience. The report is filled up on corporate sustainability report. The focus are in Environmental, Social and Governance areas. The information to report are; (1) general disclosure, about the organization's profile, strategy, ethics and integrity, governance, stakeholder engagement practices, and reporting process, (2) Economic, about the performance, market presence, indirect economic impacts, procurement practices, anti corruption and anti-competitive behavior, (3) Social, about employment labor/management relations, occupational health and safety, training and education, diversity and equal opportunity, nondiscrimination, freedom of association and collective bargaining, child labor, etc. GRI is prescriptive and the sector focus is agnostic (+some sector-specific guidance). 2. CDP (cdp.net) CDP has purpose in capturing environmental performance data related to GHG emissions, water, forests, and supply chain. CDP has investors, buyers, and other stakeholders as its audience. The report is filled up on CDP's online reporting platform. The focus are in Environmental and Governance areas. The information to report are; (1) climate change, about the risks and low-carbon opportunities, (2) forest, about how organizations produce, source, and use major soft commodities associated with detrimental impacts on natural resources, (3) water security, about the company's management, governance, use, and stewardship of water resource. CDP is prescriptive and the sector focus is specific. 3. IIRC (integratedreporting.org) IIRC has purpose in establishing Guiding Principles and Content Elements allowing companies to produce "integrated reports". IIRC has investors as its audience. The report is filled up on stand-alone integrated report. The focus are in Environmental, Social and Governance areas. The information to report are; (1) organizational overview and external environment, (2) governance structure, about how it supports ability to create value in the short, medium & long term, (3) business model of organization, (4) risks and opportunities that affect the ability to create value over the short, medium & long term; how those issues are dealt with, (5) strategy and resource allocations, (6) performance, about extent to which objectives were achieved for the period; outcomes and their effect on capitals, (7) outlook, about challenges and uncertainties likely to be encountered; implications for the business model and future performance, (8) basis of presentation, about how the organization determines what to include in its integrated report. IIRC is flexible and agnostic. 4. SASB (sasb.org) SASB has purpose in facilitating disclosure of material sustainability information in SEC filings. SASB has investors as its audience. The report is filled up on SEC Form 10-K, 20-F filings. The focus are in Environmental, Social and Governance areas. The information to report are; (1) environment, about corporate impacts on the environment, (2) social capital, about human rights, protection of vulnerable groups, local economic development, access to and quality of products, and services, affordability, responsible marketing, and customer privacy, (3) human capital, about issues affecting employee productivity (e.g., employee engagement, diversity, and incentives and compensation), (4) business model and innovation about impact of sustainability issues on innovation and business models, and the integration of these issues in a company's value-creation process, (5) leadership and governance, about management of issues inherent to the business model or common practice in the industry that are in potential conflict with the interest of broader stakeholder groups. SASB is prescriptive and specific. 5. TCFD (fsb-tcfd.org) TCFD has purpose in encouraging firms to align climate-related risk disclosures with investors' needs. TCFD has investors, lenders and insurers as its audience. The report is filled up on annual financial filings (e.g., annual report). The focus are in Environmental and Governance areas. The information to report are; (1) governance around climate-related risks and opportunities, (2) strategy, about how the actual and potential impacts of climate-related risks and opportunities on the organization's business, strategy, and financial planning where such information is material, (3) risk management, about how the organization identifies, assesses, and manages climate-related risks, (4) metrics and targets used to assess and manage relevant climate-related risks and opportunities where such information is material. TCFD is flexible and agnostic (+some sector-specific guidance). For further information regarding sustainability reporting for your company, please do not hesitate to contact us immediately!

A record-breaking heat wave has been affecting many Asian countries since April 2023. Temperatures have been soaring well above normal, and several regional temperature records have been set. The heat wave has caused multiple deaths due to heat stroke and has prompted health warnings and power outages across multiple countries. The heat wave is being driven by climate change. The Earth's atmosphere is warming, which is causing temperatures to rise. This is making heat waves more likely and more intense. In addition, the heat wave is being exacerbated by the El Niño weather pattern, which is causing drier and warmer conditions in many parts of Asia. The heat wave has had a significant impact on people and infrastructure in many Asian countries. The heat has caused deaths, power outages, and disruptions to transportation and agriculture. It has also made it difficult for people to work and go about their daily lives. The 2023 Asian heat wave is a reminder of the serious threat that climate change poses to the planet. It is important to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change. If we do not act, heat waves like this will become more common and more severe, with devastating consequences for people and the environment. There are things that can be done to mitigate its effects. These include: Investing in infrastructure that can withstand extreme heat, such as cooling systems and water supplies. Educating people about the dangers of heat stroke and how to stay safe in hot weather. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which will help to slow the pace of climate change and make heat waves less likely. Carbon Neutral certification provides a straightforward solution to this problem, helping companies and products reduce emissions and offset the remaining carbon footprint. Peterson Projects and Solutions have a proven track record of successfully implementing the PAS 2060 Carbon Neutral standard, having helped YEL achieve certification for their orangutan coffee project in Aceh, Indonesia. This project has been verified as carbon neutral by Peterson Projects and Solutions, demonstrating YEL's commitment to climate action. To follow in YEL's footsteps in achieving Carbon Neutral PAS 2060 certification, contact Peterson Projects and Solutions at marketing-indonesia@onepeterson.com or click contact us in petersonindonesia.com for audit assistance and consultation services on this or other certifications. Don't wait - take action now to show your commitment to a more sustainable future.

Oil pollution in one of Niger delta. Photograph: Handout Thousands of people from two Nigerian communities in the Niger delta are seeking justice in a high court in London against one of the world's largest fossil fuel companies, for allegedly polluting their water sources and destroying their way of life. More than 13,000 claims have been filed by individuals, churches and schools, demanding that companies clean up the pollution that has devastated their communities and compensate for the resulting loss of livelihoods. The plaintiffs argued that the company's oil spill had destroyed their ability to farm and fish. The company, which reported more than $30 billion in profits for the first three quarters of 2022, argues that communities have no legal standing to compel it to clean up and that individuals are barred from seeking compensation for spills that occurred more than five years ago. . The company also claims no responsibility for oil spills caused by organized gangs secretly siphoning oil from its pipelines. The lawsuit against the company comes as it prepares to exit the Niger delta after more than 80 years of profitable operations. A partner at the law firm, who represents the plaintiffs, said the case raises important questions about the responsibility of oil and gas companies, suggesting that the companies are seeking to avoid legal obligations to address environmental damage caused by oil spills from their infrastructure. Lawyers argue that the scale of the oil spill in the Niger delta hides a huge human tragedy, with local residents suffering serious health impacts and increased death tolls from pollution from ingesting the contaminated water. A study by the University of St Gallen in Switzerland found that babies in the Niger delta whose mothers lived near oil spills were twice as likely to die in their first month of life, indicating an estimated 11,000 premature deaths per year in the region. The company has argued for five years that it is not responsible for the actions of its Nigerian subsidiary, the company, and that claims from people in the Niger delta cannot be tried in London courts. However, the Supreme Court ruled last year that there is a lawful case for the Nigerian people to present their demands to the high court in London. The company continues to maintain that it is irresponsible as a parent company. In addition to individual claims against the company, lawyers are also seeking compensation for alleged damage to communal property that would benefit the entire population living amid chronic pollution in the Niger delta. The main source of water in one of Niger's deltas for farming, drinking and fishing has been severely polluted by oil contamination, with fish being killed, drinking water contaminated and farmland damaged, according to the claim. In the rest of the Niger delta, oil spills from company operations have caused widespread river pollution, resulting in property and property damage, loss of fish and shellfish in rivers, and a significant impact on the food and sources of income of fishing populations. The lawsuit filed in the high court alleges that the company and/or its subsidiaries were aware of ongoing oil spills from their pipelines for years but failed to take adequate measures to prevent or clean them up. The company has been active in Nigeria for 86 years, and its operations in Nigeria continue to make a significant contribution to the company's bottom line. In a 2011 report, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) exposed the devastating impact of the oil industry on Ogoniland, including the Niger delta, and recommended immediate action for "the largest terrestrial clean-up operation in history", which was estimated to cost over $1 billion. five years, about 3% of the company's 2022 profits. A recent report by several NGOs revealed that the people of Ogoniland are still waiting for a complete oil spill cleanup in their area. According to a company spokesperson, most of the spills in the Niger delta were caused by illegal third party interference such as pipeline sabotage, bunkering and oil theft. The spokesperson further stated that the illegal refining of stolen crude oil is rampant in this area and is a major contributor to oil pollution. In response to the accusations, the company said it had undertaken cleanup and repair efforts in the affected areas, and was cooperating with Nigerian authorities to prevent sabotage, oil theft and illegal refining, which it claims are the main sources of pollution. . The company believes that litigation will not be effective in addressing this issue.

One of the largest bank in the eurozone, is facing a lawsuit filed by environmental and human rights activist groups over allegations of providing financial services to companies contributing to deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. The Brazilian NGO and the French group filed the lawsuit in the Paris judicial court, claiming that bank did not conduct adequate checks before financing these companies. The bank has stated that its clients must have a "zero deforestation" strategy in their production and supply chains by 2025. Deforestation is Brazil's primary source of greenhouse gas emissions, and climate campaigners are increasingly using legal action to pressure large companies to transition to a low-carbon economy. French companies are mainly targeted due to a 2017 French law that holds them responsible for identifying and preventing risks to human rights and the environment resulting from their business activities. This is the second lawsuit targeting the bank on the grounds, with another complaint filed recently. The first ruling based on this law is expected to be announced Tuesday in a case involving one of oil major. The bank has stated that it requires "full traceability" from its clients regarding their supply chains of beef and soy from the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado. It has pledged to no longer provide financial products or services to those that do not comply. The Bank has emphasised financial institutions' need for a collective commitment to effectively address the issue, stating that simply ceasing to finance these actors would not positively impact their practices, as they could easily find alternative lenders. The outcome of the lawsuit against the bank could have significant implications for the accountability of financial institutions in financing activities contributing to deforestation in ecologically sensitive areas like the Amazon rainforest.

Aquaculture improvement plans are crucial for aquaculture businesses seeking certification, as they demonstrate the business's commitment to sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices. Here are some steps that aquaculture businesses can take to create effective improvement plans: Identify areas for improvement: The first step in creating an improvement plan is to identify the areas where the business can improve its practices. This could include improving feed management, reducing disease incidence, or reducing environmental impacts. Set goals: Once the areas for improvement have been identified, the business should set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for each area. Develop action plans: For each goal, the business should develop an action plan that outlines the specific steps it will take to achieve the goal. The action plan should include timelines, responsible parties, and performance indicators. Monitor progress: The business should regularly monitor its progress towards achieving its goals and adjust its action plans as necessary. Engage stakeholders: Aquaculture businesses should engage with stakeholders, such as employees, suppliers, customers, and local communities, to ensure that their improvement plans are effective and socially responsible. Seek certification: Once the improvement plan has been implemented and progress has been monitored, the business can seek certification from a recognized aquaculture certification body. The certification body will assess the business's performance against established standards and provide feedback on areas for further improvement. One such certification is the Best Aquaculture Practice (BAP). Developed by the Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA), the BAP framework is a set of standards and metrics that can be used to assess aquaculture farms' performance and identify improvement areas. BAP standards are built on the four pillars of responsibility, environmental responsibility, animal health and welfare, food safety, social accountability, with traceability as the foundation Another certification is the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) scheme. The ASC is an independent organization that sets standards for responsible aquaculture and certifies farms that meet these standards. The ASC standards cover a range of issues, including environmental management, social responsibility, and animal welfare. The certification process involves an independent audit of the farm’s practices, and certified farms must undergo regular assessments to maintain their certification. In addition to these industry-led improvement plans, governments and international organizations have developed strategies to support sustainable aquaculture. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has developed a global strategy for the sustainable development of aquaculture. The strategy aims to promote responsible aquaculture practices, improve the livelihoods of aquaculture producers, and support the conservation and sustainable use of aquatic resources. Overall, the key to a successful improvement plan is to approach it as a continuous process of assessment, goal setting, action planning, and monitoring. By committing to ongoing improvement, aquaculture businesses can ensure that they are producing high-quality, sustainable, and socially responsible products that meet the demands of consumers and regulators. Aquaculture improvement plans are essential for businesses seeking certification, as they demonstrate a commitment to sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices. By following the steps outlined above, businesses can create effective improvement plans that identify areas for improvement, set specific goals, develop action plans, monitor progress, engage stakeholders, and seek certification from recognized bodies. At Peterson Projects and Solutions Indonesia, we provide consultancy and assistance services to aquaculture businesses seeking certification. Our team of experts can help you develop and implement effective improvement plans, monitor progress, and navigate the certification process. If you want to learn more about our services or have any questions, please contact us at marketing-indonesia@onepeterson.com. By working together, we can ensure that aquaculture businesses are producing high-quality, sustainable, and socially responsible products that meet the needs of consumers and regulators alike. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help you achieve your certification goals.

Resource assessment in the context of sustainable fisheries typically involves evaluating the status and potential of fish stocks and other related resources to inform fisheries management decisions to ensure their sustainable use. Fisheries resource assessment typically includes several key components: Stock Assessment: Stock assessment involves estimating the abundance, distribution, and biological characteristics of fish stocks, such as their size, age, and reproductive potential. This information is critical for understanding the status of fish populations and predicting their future dynamics. It usually involves collecting data on fish catches, fishing efforts, and biological characteristics of the fish and using statistical and mathematical models to estimate stock parameters. Habitat Assessment: Habitat assessment involves evaluating the quality and availability of the physical and biological habitats that support fish populations. This assessment can include assessing the health and productivity of marine and freshwater ecosystems and identifying and mitigating any threats to fish habitat, such as pollution, habitat destruction, or climate change impacts. Socio-economic Assessment: Socio-economic assessment involves evaluating the social and economic aspects of fisheries, including the livelihoods of fishers, the monetary value of fishery resources, and the social and cultural impacts of fisheries management decisions. This information helps to understand the human dimensions of fisheries and the implications of management measures on fishing communities and society. Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystem assessment involves considering the broader ecological context of fishery resources, including the interactions between fish stocks and their environment, as well as the impacts of fishing on other species and ecosystem dynamics. This assessment can involve assessing the effects of fishing on non-target species, ecosystem services, and ecosystem health. Risk Assessment: Risk assessment involves identifying and evaluating the uncertainties and risks associated with fisheries resource management decisions. This assessment can include the dangers of overfishing, habitat degradation, climate change impacts, and other factors that may affect the sustainability of fishery resources. Management Strategy Evaluation: Management strategy evaluation involves using quantitative models to evaluate the performance of different management strategies and scenarios. Management strategy evaluation can help assess the potential effectiveness of various management measures in achieving sustainability objectives and inform the selection of appropriate management actions. Fisheries managers and policymakers use the information generated through resource assessment to make informed decisions on setting catch limits, establishing fishing seasons, implementing gear restrictions, and other measures to ensure the sustainable use of fishery resources. By understanding the status and potential of fish stocks and their supporting ecosystems, resource assessment is crucial in guiding sustainable fisheries management practices that promote the long-term viability and resilience of fishery resources and fishing communities.

In pursuing certification in fisheries, business owners must ensure that their fisheries enterprise is classified as sustainable. One of the critical factors in achieving this is how business owners adhere to regulations, rules, and policy developments that are implemented to promote sustainability in fisheries. Indonesia, renowned for its abundant marine resources, has over 50,000 laws and regulations. In fisheries, several key legal frameworks guide the management and utilisation of natural resources, including wild capture and aquaculture fisheries. This article provides an overview of the law regulation and policy development in sustainable fisheries in Indonesia, including the constitutional framework, national laws, government institutions, international agreements, and participation in regional fisheries management organisations. The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia serves as the highest legal authority in the country, to which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government must defer. Article 33 of the Constitution is the primary reference for national economy and social welfare laws, including managing and utilising natural resources like fisheries. This constitutional provision emphasises that natural resources and their utilisation should be aimed at the most significant benefit for the people and regulated by the state in the interest of public welfare. In addition to the Constitution, several other laws are particularly significant regarding the fisheries sector in Indonesia. These include Law (UU) No. 31/2004 on Fisheries, which was amended by Law (UU) No. 45/2009; Law (UU) No. 27/2007 on Coastal Areas and Small Islands, which Law amended (UU) No. 1/2014; Law (UU) No. 23/2014 on Local Government, which Law amended (UU) No. 2/2015; Law (UU) No. 32/2014 on Marine Affairs; and Law (UU) No. 7/2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishers, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers. These laws provide the legal framework for managing, conserving, and utilising fisheries resources in Indonesia and outline the rights and responsibilities of various stakeholders, including fishers, fish farmers, and government institutions. In addition to laws, numerous government institutions/entities in Indonesia have mandates related to the fisheries sector. The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) is the primary government institution overseeing the fisheries sector. However, in 2015, the MMAF was placed under the coordination of a new coordinating ministry, the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs, responsible for coordinating and integrating policies related to marine affairs, including fisheries, across different sectors and government institutions. Regarding international agreements, Indonesia, as a member of the international community, must comply with the contents of international agreements it has signed or is a party to. The substance must make national regulations issued by Indonesia to ratify these agreements of the signed documents. Indonesia participates in various international organisations related to fisheries, and membership in these organisations has implications such as funding for the secretariat and compliance with provisions stipulated in the organisation's bylaws and other documents. One crucial group of international agreements in the fisheries sector are the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), which are regional intergovernmental organisations that aim to promote cooperation among states for the conservation and management of shared fishery resources. Indonesia is a member of several RFMOs, including the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC). Participation in these RFMOs has strengthened the focus on science-based fisheries management. These organisations develop and implement conservation and management measures based on the best available scientific information to ensure the sustainability of fishery resources in the region. The regulation and development of policies for sustainable fisheries in Indonesia are shaped by international agreements, national laws, and the role of government institutions such as the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF). Participation in Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) and adherence to international agreements have contributed to the development of science-based approaches to fisheries management. At the same time, national laws and regulations aim to ensure the sustainability of fish stocks, protect the marine ecosystem, and promote the welfare of fishers and fish farmers. Despite challenges, ongoing efforts are being made to improve the implementation and enforcement of these laws and regulations for the sustainable management of fisheries in Indonesia. In conclusion, navigating the complex landscape of law regulation and policy development in sustainable fisheries can be challenging for business owners. However, Peterson is here to assist you in achieving certification in fisheries and ensuring that your enterprise meets the highest sustainability standards. Our expertise, fisheries management experience, and sustainability commitment make us your ideal partner in pursuing certifications such as the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) or Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC). Let us help you unlock new opportunities in the sustainable fisheries industry while promoting responsible and ethical practices. Contact Peterson today to learn more about how we can support your fisheries certification journey. source: https://www.pshk.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Legal-and-Government-Institutional-Landscape-of-the-Fisheries-Sector-Full-Report-PSHK-2019.pdf